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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter has been shown to increase fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and Type 2 diabetes It increases risk and contributes significantly to diabetes-related health burden in women of reproductive age.
- Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, but its impact on women of reproductive age, who experience hormonal fluctuations during their reproductive years, has not been well studied.
- The researchers assessed the association between long-term exposure to PM and air pollution.2.5 Between 2010 and 2015, 20,076,032 eligible women of reproductive age (mean age 27.04 years) from 350 cities in China were surveyed to investigate FBG levels and diabetes risk.
- They evaluated the PM2.5 We calculated exposure in participants' place of residence and average long-term exposure 1 year (1 year ago), 2 years (2 years ago), and 3 years (3 years ago) prior to the survey date, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Primary outcomes were FBG levels and prevalence of diabetes (FBG, ≥ 7 mmol/L classified as diabetes; FBG, 6.1-7 mmol/L classified as prediabetes).
- This study also assessed the burden of diabetes attributable to long-term PM.2.5 China National Air Quality Standards (Annual average PM2.5 Exposure limit, > 35 µg/m3) and the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (Annual Average PM2.5 Exposure limit, > 5 µg/m3).
- Average PM2.5 Exposure levels at 1-, 2-, and 3-year lag periods were 67, 67, and 66 µg/m.3Each exceeds the WHO limit by more than 13 times.
- For each increase in the interquartile range of the 3-year mean PM2.5 Exposure of 27 μg/m3 Increased FBG levels by 0.078 mmol/L (P < .05), and the risk of diabetes was 18% (odds ratio) [OR]1.18; 95% CI, 1.16-1.19), and the risk of prediabetes was reduced by 5% (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.05).
- Long-term exposure to PM2.5 > 5 µg/m3 and 35 µg/m3 The increase in the number of people with diabetes over the past three years corresponds to an increase of 41.7 (95% confidence interval: 39.3 to 44.0) thousand people and 78.6 (95% confidence interval: 74.5 to 82.6) thousand people nationwide, respectively.
- Higher PM2.5 Exposure increased FBG levels and diabetes risk in overweight or obese women. obesity Comparing people over 35 with those under 35,P < .001).
“These findings have important public health implications for formulating effective intervention strategies and environmental policies to better protect women's health, especially in countries with relatively high levels of air pollution and a high prevalence of diabetes, such as China,” the authors wrote.
The study was led by Yang Shen of the School of Public Health at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety at the Ministry of Education, and the Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment at the National Health Commission. Published Online Diabetes Care.
Estimates of residential address were used as a proxy for actual personal exposure, which may have led to errors in measuring particulate matter exposure. Questionnaires were used to retrospectively collect information on parameters such as smoking and alcohol consumption, which may have introduced recollection bias. Data on potential confounders such as diet and physical activity were not included. Due to data collection-related limitations, no distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes was reported.
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province, the National Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, and the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai Municipality. The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest.