Temperatures are rising, and the summer heat can have a direct impact on people with diabetes.
People with diabetes and prediabetes are affected by more than just their physical activity levels and the foods they put into their bodies. Lauren Amaya, Oklahoma State University Extension Diabetes specialist.
“People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or those who are prediabetic, may have a more adverse reaction to heat, especially when engaging in moderate or vigorous exercise outdoors,” Amaya says. “Heat stresses the body, which affects blood sugar levels, but it affects different people in different ways. Always be prepared when planning outdoor activities, especially in warmer months.”
Amaya recommends at least 180 minutes of exercise per week for most people with diabetes. Depending on a person's blood sugar level, heat stress can cause blood sugar levels to rise. However, if a person's blood sugar levels are low or within the normal range, heat can have the opposite effect and cause blood sugar levels to plummet.
Amaya recommends that diabetics who take insulin or other diabetes-related medications be aware before heading outdoors in the heat that heat can cause hypoglycemia, which requires glucose to raise blood sugar levels.
“People with diabetes who are exercising in the heat should eat a complex carbohydrate snack with protein and fat, such as apple slices with peanut butter, to help keep blood sugar levels steady. They should also carry glucose and be able to contact someone if they need help,” says Amaya. “As a diabetic myself, I always carry a fanny pack with emergency items like glucose tablets, fruit snacks, water to stay hydrated, and my cell phone to call for help if necessary.”
In general, a target blood glucose range of 90 to 250 mg/dl is recommended before exercise.
Amaya recommends eating a meal and checking your blood sugar before participating in any outdoor activities: If your blood sugar is high, your body will try to flush out the excess glucose, putting you at higher risk of becoming dehydrated.
“That's one of the reasons why it's so important to stay hydrated. All fluids will help you stay hydrated, but non-caffeinated fluids are better,” she says. “Drinks that contain alcohol will not hydrate you.”
Amaya is National Diabetes Prevention Program An online course for people with prediabetes and diabetes. Stephanie Sandlin said her doctor recommended the course to help prevent diabetes.
“I've been considered pre-diabetic for a few years now,” Sandlin said, “and because of pre-diabetes and other health issues, I struggle with the heat. Learning how to deal with those health issues has really made a difference for me.”
Sandrine has been taking nutrition classes in college and the online diabetes prevention course has been a good refresher to help her improve her diet and overall health.
“I enjoy the classes and appreciate the opportunity to ask questions to clarify information,” Sandlin said.
Amaya said in addition to medication, physical activity also plays an important role in managing diabetes.
“Physical activity is important for everyone, but especially for people with diabetes, and anyone who notices any health issues from being outside in the heat should speak to their doctor,” she said.
Photo: Before participating in any outdoor activities during the hot summer months, people with diabetes should have a few emergency supplies on hand, such as fruit snacks, glucose tablets and a water bottle. (Photo by Mitchell Alcala, OSU College of Agriculture)