Now a growing body of research is raising another possibility: that these drugs may help protect against cancer. At this year’s American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting in Chicago, more than 40 studies, abstracts, oral presentations and poster presentations examined the relationship between GLP-1-based drugs and cancer. The results were strikingly consistent. Taken together, they suggest that people taking medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro may develop certain cancers at lower rates than comparable patients who are not taking the drugs — and that those already diagnosed may experience a slower decline and better outcomes.

For oncologists, the accumulation of evidence is hard to dismiss. The findings are “super promising,” said Mark Orland, a cancer researcher at the Cleveland Clinic. “We’re really excited to be on the forefront of looking at the effects of these drugs.”

The studies spanned many of the 13 cancers associated with obesity. Among the most prominent is an analysis from the University of Pennsylvania presented on Tuesday. It looked at data from more than 100,000 women and found lower rates of breast cancer among those taking the drugs. Another followed more than 10,000 patients and found that those taking the medications were significantly less likely to progress to metastatic disease across four solid tumors.

Also drawing attention were findings related to lung cancer — because it is not generally associated with weight — as well as a few studies hinting that GLP-1s could enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Those findings have fueled a particularly intriguing possibility: that GLP-1s may be acting independently of weight loss — by reducing inflammation, altering metabolic pathways involved in cancer development or perhaps even slowing tumor growth itself.

None of this proves that GLP-1s prevent cancer, and doctors said the evidence is not yet strong enough to recommend prescribing the drugs for that purpose.

Read more: The science around GLP-1 drugs and cancer is suddenly getting a lot more interesting