A NEW study shows that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in young adults is associated with increased risk of prediabetes and impaired glucose regulation.
Ultra-Processed Foods and Youth Glucose Health
Ultra-processed foods, typically high in added sugar, sodium, and unhealthy fats, now account for over half of total dietary energy in USA adolescents and young adults. While adult studies have linked UPFs to type 2 diabetes (T2D), research in younger populations has been limited. The Meta-AIR study investigated whether UPF intake in youth with a history of overweight or obesity is associated with prediabetes and early markers of insulin resistance, addressing a key gap in preventive nutrition research.
The study followed 85 participants aged 17–22 years from the Children’s Health Study. Researchers assessed dietary intake using two 24-hour recalls and categorised foods using NOVA guidelines. Glucose homeostasis was measured via oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and follow-up (median 6 years). Regression analyses adjusted for demographics, physical activity, and total energy intake, enabling a precise evaluation of the relationship between UPF consumption and glucose metabolism in young adults.
Ultra-Processed Foods Drive Prediabetes Risk
Results revealed a striking association: a 10%-point increase in UPF consumption over time corresponded to a 51% higher odds of prediabetes and a 158% higher odds of impaired glucose tolerance. Baseline UPF intake was also linked to elevated 2-hour insulin levels and insulin area under the curve at follow-up, indicating worsening insulin resistance. These findings suggest that limiting UPFs could be a critical early intervention strategy for T2D prevention in at-risk youth.
This study reinforces the role of diet quality in early metabolic risk, highlighting ultra-processed foods as a modifiable factor for prediabetes in young adults. Further research should explore intervention strategies to reduce UPF intake and improve long-term metabolic outcomes.
Reference
Li Y et al. Ultra-processed food intake is associated with altered glucose homeostasis in young adults with a history of overweight or obesity: a longitudinal study. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2025;22(1):135.
